Essay on Tools of The Central Banks - 841 Words

Interest rates are a tool that central banks use to implement monetary policy. They represent the percentage rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the privilege of using money that has been lent to them and the interest can be paid at various time intervals. Higher interest rates will have an impact upon inflation and employment and could lead to a reduction in consumer spending and investment. The Bank of England meets every month to set the UK bank rate. There are nine members of the Committee and they are appraised of all the latest data on the economy and business conditions. Their task is to keep inflation below 2% but above 1% in the following 2 years. In the UK the current rate of interest, also known as the base rate,†¦show more content†¦Charlie Bean has suggested that any rises are in baby steps in order to avoid making mistakes. In other words he thinks the Bank should be cautious - this could entail raising rates soon - but at a smaller rate than has been implemented in the past, for instance at a rate of increase of 0.1% instead of the previous normal rate of 0.25%. It is generally accepted that low interest rates are inflationary and the Bank will be watching for early signs that this is happening and try to move interest rates up early to forestall it. Generally they would raise interest rates if they were concerned that inflation was on the increase in order to reduce demand and slow the rate of economic growth. At the present time there are no signs that inflation is picking up with the latest CPI figure coming in at 1.8% which may be attributable to the output gap. Interest rate movements have the largest impact for individuals on savings, mortgages and annuities, whilst for businesses it impacts the level of demand, interest on loans and the present value of assets and liabilities. Over the last 5 years savers have been badly hit by the low level of interest rates. This has been particularly hard for pensioners with savings. Higher interest rates would make it more attractive to save cash in deposit accounts as the level of interest received would be higher than at present, thus reducing the need to take on extra risk toShow MoreRelatedConventional and Unconventional Tools Used by Central Banks, A Basic Study Guide1320 Words   |  5 Pagesunconventional tools used by central banks. (a) 1. Conventional Tools: †¢ Change of its official interest rate: The third conventional method that the Central Bank uses to maintain economic stability is change of its official interest rate on the loans taken by the commercial banks from the Central bank or the rate at which the Central bank takes loans from the Commercial banks. †¢ Open Market Operations: In this conventional tool the Central bank buys and sells financial assets from banks to maintainRead MoreThe Predominant Mandate Of Central Banks Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesThe predominant mandate of central banks is to deal with inflation and keep the financial system stable under any circumstances (Ortiz, 2009), and the central banks handling the monetary policy through popular instruments are the only body who are responsible for doing so. Handa (2009) lists six most important instruments that central banks have used to run the money policy. These tools have been historically developed along with the vicissitudes of the central banks during the growth of the internationalRead MoreMonetary and Fiscal Policy Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy Monetary policy is the mechanism of a country’s monetary authority (usually the central bank) controlling money in the economy so as to promote economic growth and stability by creating relatively stable prices and low unemployment. A monetary policy mainly deals with the supply of money, availability of money, cost of money and the rate of interest so as to attain a set of objectives aiming towards growth and stability of the economy. Monetary policy is said to be expansionaryRead More Monetary Policy Constraints in an Small Open and Dollarized Economy1459 Words   |  6 PagesOpen and Dollarized Economy Central Banks around the world use monetary and exchange rate policies to affect interest rates aggregate output and internal credit in the short run.[1] Nonetheless, in small open economies these tools have limited efficiency, since global markets determine interest rates. Many small economies use fixed exchange rate policies to control inflation or promote stabilization. This policy puts constraints on the use of monetary tools that increase aggregate output becauseRead MoreTaking a Look at Forward Guidance1243 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Bank of England Mark Carney implemented a strategy called ‘forward guidance’. He does not want high interest rate until the unemployment rate has fallen to 7%or below and the criteria including a quantitative project of inflation should be less than 2.5% in the medium term. The theory of forward guidance is actually a promise of future interest rate set by the central bank. It has been an important part of monetary policy; so it sai d to rescue UK economy by apply this policy. This tool is usingRead MoreThe Role of Banks in Economic Recessions1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of banks in economic recessions 05.05.2009 In today’s wavering global economic context, the word `crisis` is omnipresent, taking the media by assault and infringing into the population’s daily life, although many countries haven’t even officially entered recession yet. Although recession is generally referred to as a negative Gross Domestic Product growth for a period of at least two consecutive quarters, other important economicRead MoreMission and Strategy for Central Banking Systems676 Words   |  3 PagesMission and strategy What the BoE is for? As a broad sense every central bank has a primary macroeconomic focus on monetary policy which necessitates setting up price stability and in addition establishing institutional support to provide this steadiness. As only issuers of currency (which gives monopolistic power within an economy) central banks have primary obligation to establish a trust and confidence in money and financial institutions. This determines the basics of their monetary policy,Read MoreExcessive Growth Of Credit And Asset Prices763 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing shadow banking system etc. The following essay will describe some key risks associated with an excessive increase in credit growth and asset price and some policy tools which the central bank should adopt to keep these imbalances in check. Finally, the essay will conclude with some policy advice on adoption of these tools and keeping the credit growth in check The major risk associated with excessive growth of credit and asset prices is the buildup of economic bubbles in which any asset tradesRead MoreMonetary and Fiscal Policy Essay examples1403 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes the role of the government in regulating the economical performance of a country. It also explains the different features and tools of monetary and fiscal policy and their performance when applied to the third world countries with a huge informal sector. Monetary Policy Monetary policy is the mechanism of a country’s monetary authority (usually the central bank) taking up measures to regulate the supply of money and the rates of interest. It involves controlling money in the economy to promoteRead MoreThe Federal Reserve System And Central Banking System1592 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, the two largest central banks are the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the European Central Bank (ECB). There are many things that make these two entities similar and many things that make them different. Both are effective in their own ways, but which one is more effective. Is one superior than the other? Which central banking entity is more accountable? Looking at the structure of these entities will only help us answer the questions. When it comes down to it, which central banking system would you

The Dilemmas Of The World - 1578 Words

The world we live in is filled to the brim with possibility, constantly allowing for a number of upsets and unknowns that plague our being. Amidst all that we cannot know for sure, we always strive for certainty, for a support system that assures us that there is something that we can know without doubt. Without this scrap of certainty, it would be miraculous to make it through the day intact as a person with a complex system of beliefs. All of the unknowns that surround us threaten our knowledge and our beliefs if we don’t know how to approach them. Our sense of being-in-the-world is defined by how we understand what surrounds us—we must either reconcile it according to that which we believe or reconfigure our system of knowledge to allow†¦show more content†¦In regards to Candide and Pangloss, two prevalent characters in Voltaire’s Candide, or Optimism, their philosophy requires them to approach the unknown and incomprehensible with unshakeable devotio n to their belief: all is for the best. They interpret the unknown and in such a way that it seems to be evidence to support their philosophy, even if it ought to disrupt their understanding of the world. This indestructible philosophic lens allows Candide and Pangloss, at one point, to determine the death of their friend and benefactor, the Anabaptist, as proof of their convictions. His death in the port of Lisbon lead Pangloss to claim simply that â€Å"Lisbon harbor had been created expressly so that the Anabaptist could drown it† (Voltaire , 15). Pangloss has already decided that any of the horrors that occur in the world are necessarily for the best. The inexplicable tragedies build the frame on which the best of all possible worlds is created and maintained. This kind of philosophy is already broad enough to cover not only what is known and understandable, but also the future and the phenomena of the world—Everything must be good, whether it can be proven or not. In this way, Candide and Pangloss are successful in terms of preserving their intactness as people, but in doing so they deny the event of idea its own character. Nothing, according to their beliefs, can be selfish or malicious in nature

Fictionality and Factuality in Lyric Poetry - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fictionality and Factuality in Lyric Poetry. Answer: Introduction: The basic lyric poetry and the narrative political force of Bruce Springsteen provide the accomplishment of the study of social justice and activism. The session has started from the Vietnam War and the progression of the lyrical levity that endorsed the meaningful acceleration of the cultivation. The government has a certain law to make the alternate social relying and that may indicate the poetical enduring force for the shared world. The aim of the paper is to determine the possible narrative of the politics and figure out the poetries that influence the political aspect of the personal justice (Harde). There are certain phrases and social structures that widen the separation of sins in past and through the moment of capable judgment; the unrest economic justice prevails in the poetry. The political argument and poetical invocation conflict have begun form the early Eighteenth century. The war poetry is one of those verses that emphasize on the judgmental issue and those emphases the revenge feeling for the warriors. The journal has impacted over the theoretical challenges that present in these conventions. The war mythology of poem represents the religious supremacy and emphasize on the deployment of the poetry. The ethical consideration for the political meaning has evoked the sympathetic feeling as well. The weep out process for the Spanish and the interned attack of the British or their desire to make a war is the collecting issue that versed in the poetry (Richardson). In the war poetry of 1740's and the public sphere case of influencing is the prime motivation that can be derived from the poetry. There is certain political argument that has been done in the resourcing of supernatural mythology and religion perspective, however, the most revenging motivational assessment has been provided by the poetry and that expresses the best feeling of determination as well. The poetry has dealt with the secular event and that encompasses all the feeling of every religion and this is the most challenging session of these matters to make the obscure participation of each religion as well. The fictional term of lyrical poetry completely opposed to the factual elements in the constructive poetry issues. The novels, stories have the possible implication over the world knows as well and such poetries have the specific highlighted manner over the political issues over the country and their surroundings. The significant difference between poetic genre and the abbreviated concern over the emotion, imagination and condensed feeling provide a missing link if the narrative elements are not discussed in the proper way. For such cases, critical review over the dramas and fictions are essential as they are the probable justification of the narration that poet wants to express through the words (Hhn). In the opposition between fictionality and the factuality, the attitudes, emotions and inventive projection are the controversial elements of discussion that contain the entity for the unquestionable significance of the poetry. The revolution in France or the historical events of Brit ish Colonial Empire has the sovereign establishment, as well as the people thought over the consequences, are very brutal. The factual texts provide the meaning of the rational dimensions whereas it posses the semiotic representation of the ethical poetry. The journal has shed light on the socialist strategies of generating activism by applying those poetries in the form of describing the poverty in a handful way. Poem ideas are innovative in this case as the poems are allocated for the poor immigrants who are struggling for their existence (Lachs). The poem is also strengthened the cultural capital of improving condition that provides the edge of supporting the campaign for the resistance immigrants. Poetries are telling the story about the Yiddish-speaking world and that provides to explore the revolution of the poverty-stricken immigrants. They are the outsiders in this poem and the sectional work over the cultural assimilation impacted over the situation as well. The handful translation over the process also highlighted the narrated intensive of socialist poetry for the immigrant poor people revolution. During the period of apartheid South African poetry has alienated over the morals of poetry. At the democratic election of 1994, the progression of poetry and the critical implication of them have evolved in a radical manner so that interstices of the black and white poetics have the power to write up against the modern practices. These narrative poems are the relic of the displacement and that create the good practices issue of violence and war. The political influence is one of the major issue the affect the poems as well and that divide the recurring of decades in the 1960s and 1970s. This is a sectioned equilibrium that maintains the value with the white African poets and also determines the sublimed sensibility in everyday violence and war (Decker). The aim of the book is to provide the cultivate manner of national literature and eliminating the undesirable text for the sake of education of their native literalize to their people. This is a pure poetry that stretches the challen ges for the war-loving readers as the war issues are provided in an aesthetic manner not in the form of theoretical or subsided manner of poetry. References Braden, Gordon. "Renaissance Suppliants: Poetry, Antiquity, Reconciliation, by Leah Whittington." (2017): 95-100. Decker, Michelle. "Entangled Poetics: Apartheid South African Poetry between Politics and Form."Research in African Literatures47.4 (2017): 71-90. Harde, Roxanne. "Living in your American skin: Bruce Springsteen and the Possibility of Politics."Canadian Review of American Studies43.1 (2013): 125-144. Hhn, Peter. "The problem of fictionality and factuality in lyric poetry."Narrative22.2 (2014): 155-168. Lachs, Vivi. "Revolution in Anglo?Yiddish Poetry: Morris Winchevsky's Strategies to Revolutionise the Jewish Immigrants to Britain, 18841894."Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism14.1 (2014): 1-19. Maltzahn, Nicholas. "Ryan Netzley. Lyric Apocalypse: Milton, Marvell, and the Nature of Events. New York: Fordham UP, 2015. x+ 269pp. ISBN 13: 9780823263479. $45.00 (cloth)."Milton Quarterly50.1 (2016): 36-38. Milne, Heather. "Dearly Beloveds: The Politics of Intimacy in Juliana Spahr's This Connection of Everyone with Lungs."Mosaic: a journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature47.2 (2014): 203-218. Richardson, John. "War, Lyric Poetry, and Politics in the Eighteenth Century."Eighteenth-Century Studies50.4 (2017): 381-399

Comparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements for Qualitative and or Quantitative Papers Example For Students

Comparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements for Qualitative and or Quantitative Papers The theoretical discipline of philosophy is broken down into five facets. (1) Logic, that details the rules of an argument, and distinguishing valid from invalid forms of argument; (2) Ethics, and its distinction between right and wrong, good or evil, moral or immoral; (3) Epistemology, which is the nature of knowledge, what it is, how we know, and what is the truth? (4) Aesthetic, that takes into account the nature of beauty and art; and (5) Metaphysics, reality and what we consider to be real, and does it exists? What does it mean to say that something exists or does not exist? How can we refer to something that does not exist? To satisfy the requirements of completing the discipline of philosophy and other disciplines at Northcentral University, Doctoral students must prepare a dissertation. Part of the dissertation process is to inquire and solve a hypothesis using some form of research method. This paper compares and contrasts NCU’s concept paper requirements for qualitative and or quantitative papers. Northcentral Expectation Both qualitative and quantitative concept designs share design elements. Sampson (2012) states that a good or enriched qualitative and or quantitative concept paper is a product of forethought. Northcentral University (NCU) provides its Doctoral students with writing resources that are not limited to the concept template to enhance their knowledge about the development of their dissertations. Primarily, qualitative and quantitative papers should always have a title, a table of content, an introduction, problem statement, the purpose of the study, and research questions (Northcentral University School of Education, 2010). Secondly, the concept paper should also offer a hypothesis, define key terms, offer literature reviews, and provide research methods used in the paper (Northcentral University School of Education, 2010). Moreover, any concept paper should always specify data collection methods and analysis and offer an operational definition of variables. Additionally, the concept paper should provide measurable variables used and a summary of the report. Lastly, the concept paper should always provide a list of references, bibliographies, and annotated bibliography whenever possible. Different elements of the concept paper should be specific as per the Northcentral University’s requirements. The introduction section should not exceed two paragraphs; the researcher should provide a brief description of the research topic and use scholarly resources to support his or her ideas (Northcentral University, 2013). Still under the introduction, the researcher should provide the statement of the research problem; the researcher should use current not older than 5 years from time of publication scholarly resources to support his or her arguments (Northcentral University, 2013). The introduction section should also provide one paragraph description of the purpose of the study; the purpose statement provides the goal of the study. The purpose statement should also reflect the research questions, the research design, the participants and data sources used, and the geographic position of the study (Northcentral University, 2013). The introduction section should further highlight the research question. Qualitative research questions should match the purpose statement and be open-ended. Qualitative research questions should reflect the qualitative research design. On the other hand, quantitative research questions should be testable, specific, and be directly answerable based on experimental/research data. Nonetheless, the researcher should decide on the research methodology he/she is going to use and state it in the purpose statement as early as possible. This would allow for unique style and choice of component for a specific design. The quantitative research methodologies demand the inclusion of sample sizes and the definition of variables that are used in the research. The researcher should align the sample size to the purpose and the objectives to be met in the long-run. The researcher should identify and associate each variable with research questions and hypotheses (Northcentral University, 2013). The paper should further have a brief description of how each variable will operate in the research. However, the descriptions should be based on reliable and valid published research materials such as peer reviewed journal articles (Northcentral University, 2013). In addition, the introduction section should also provide a hypothesis sub-section. The hypothesis sub-section for quantitative research design should correspond to the research question (Northcentral University, 2013). The hypothesis for the quantitative paper must be presented in a testable, but potentially negatable form with each of its variables operationalized (Northcentral University, 2013). Lastly, the introduction may have a subjection meant for definition of core terms. Nonetheless, the definition of core terms is optional for both qualitative and quantitative concept papers. In other words, both qualitative and quantitative concept papers may or may not have a â€Å"definition of key terms† sub-heading in the introduction. Qualitative and quantitative designs often differ in their data collection/study. Qualitative research uses words and point of view of the research subjects (participants) (Bryman, 2012). However, in qualitative research designs, the research uses words to isolate the main points of view of the research subjects. In other words, qualitative research designs encourage direct contact between the researcher and participants during the study. Flexibility is important in qualitative research designs because the researcher should always ascertain the context of the observations that is made. As such, qualitative research designs require the research to conduct investigations in the participants’ natural settings. On the contrary, the researcher may use numbers to measure the variables in quantitative research designs. Quantitative research often originates from the researcher’s point of view; however, the researcher uses numbers or codes to distance himself/herself from the variables. The researcher further uses theory to inform the research method; the researcher mixes theory and data to make meaning out of the codes or numbers. In most cases, quantitative research design is only applicable in artificial settings; the research process in such cases is often static. As such, quantitative research deigns are meant to generate generalizations about a given theory in the context of a particular context (Bryman, 2012). In other words, quantitative approach often manipulates variables in the context of certain condition to convey change as defined by a particular theoretical framework. However, qualitative and quantitative research designs are similar in a number of ways. First and foremost, both methods employ reductionist method in their interaction with data (Bryman, 2012). As such, the researcher collects large volumes of data which he/she reduces to a reasonable format for interpretation. Secondly, qualitative and quantitative research designs demand the use of research questions to guide the research process. Thirdly, quantitative and qualitative research designs should have a strong correlation with the available literature (Bryman, 2012). Researchers using qualitative and quantitative approaches should focus on the variations exemplified in the literature. As such, qualitative and quantitative research designs are meant to reveal feelings, facts, similarities, and differences in order to support or reject a certain theory. The variations determine the conclusions that are made by the researcher (Bryman, 2014). In other words, researchers using quantitative and/or qualitative research designs conduct literature reviews to enable other researchers realize the importance of the study. The discussion component of the concept paper should always identify the concept or idea studied. The discussion for qualitative research method should use a single idea and or phenomenon, idea or concept (Northcentral University, 2010). The researcher should also define and specify the population he/she is studying. For example, qualitative studies may offer description about the number of participants as well as their geographical location. Qualitative studies should exploit interview guide. The researcher should describe the type of interview he or she is using and provide a sample of questions used in the research. In other words, the researcher should avail enough information to prevent duplication of the research conducted by other individuals or readers (Northcentral University, 2010). In conclusion, concept papers applying qualitative and or quantitative research approaches adhere to the standards set by NCU. The institution often offers the concept paper template to help Doctoral students improve their skills in writing dissertation. Qualitative and quantitative research designs are similar in outline, but unique in the way they approach the research process. The major difference between qualitative and quantities research approaches is in the treatment of variables and data collection. Qualitative approaches use the participants’ words and feelings to generate conclusions; the research is set in natural settings. However, quantitative research approaches often manipulate numbers and codes in the participants’ unnatural settings to determine researcher’s conclusions. Northcentral University expects Doctoral students to be familiar with the differences and similarities of either qualitative and or quantitative research approaches when writing their final dissertations. .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .postImageUrl , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:hover , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:visited , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:active { border:0!important; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:active , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Ever Changing Concept of Health Essay References Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. 4th Ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Northcentral University School of Education. (2010). Best practices for concept paper development. Version 1.0, released Dec, 2010 North Central University. (2013). Ph. D. degree concept paper template. Version: January 2013. Northcentral University. (2010). Best practices for concept paper development. School of Education Resources: Concept Paper Best Practices. Retrieved 28 April, 2014 from http://learners.ncu.edu/ncu_diss/default.aspx?attendance=Y Sampson, J. P. Jr. (2012). A guide to quantitative and qualitative dissertation research. Educational Psychology and Learning Systems Faculty Publications. Retrieved 28 April, 2014 from http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/edpsy_faculty_ publications/1